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Sunan Abi Dawud 3584 (Book 25, Hadith 14) #23874
Resolving Disputes Fairly

SUMMARY: The Prophet ﷺ advised two men who were disputing over their inheritance to divide it up fairly and draw lots to decide who gets what.

Umm Salamah said: Two men came to the Messenger of Allah who were disputing over their inheritance. They had no evidence except their claim. The Prophet then said in a similar way. Thereupon both the men wept and each of them said: This right of mine go to you. The Prophet then said: Now you have done whatever you have done ; do divide it up, aiming at what is right, then drew lots, and let each of you consider the other to have what is legitimately his"
حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ أَبُو تَوْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، مَوْلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، قَالَتْ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رَجُلاَنِ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي مَوَارِيثَ لَهُمَا لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ إِلاَّ دَعْوَاهُمَا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ فَبَكَى الرَّجُلاَنِ وَقَالَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا حَقِّي لَكَ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا النَّبِيُّ ‏ "‏ أَمَّا إِذْ فَعَلْتُمَا مَا فَعَلْتُمَا فَاقْتَسِمَا وَتَوَخَّيَا الْحَقَّ ‏.‏ ثُمَّ اسْتَهِمَا ثُمَّ تَحَالاَّ

TOPICS
inheritance  *  dispute  *  resolution  *  justice  *  lottery  *  mawaddah  *  qasamah

QUICK LESSONS:
Divide up your inheritance fairly and aim for justice; resolve disputes without violence or aggression; consider each other's rights before making decisions; use lottery as a way of settling disagreements if needed .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about resolving disputes in a fair manner. Two men came to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) with a dispute over their inheritance, but they had no evidence of ownership. The Prophet advised them to divide the inheritance fairly and then draw lots so that each man would consider the other as having what is rightfully his. This teaches us that justice should be upheld even when there is no clear evidence of ownership, and disputes should be resolved in an equitable manner. It also shows us that drawing lots can be used as a way of settling disputes when there is no clear answer or agreement between parties involved.

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