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Sunan Abi Dawud 3400 (Book 23, Hadith 75) #23690
Cultivating Land According to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

SUMMARY: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) forbade Muhaqalah and Muzabanah, and outlined the three types of people who cultivate land.

Narrated Rafi' ibn Khadij: The Messenger of Allah forbade Muhaqalah and Muzabanah. Those who cultivate land are three: a man who has (his own) land and he tills it: a man who has been lent land and he tills the one lent to him; a man who employs another man to till land against gold (dinars) or silver (Dirhams).
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الأَحْوَصِ، حَدَّثَنَا طَارِقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ وَقَالَ ‏ "‏ إِنَّمَا يَزْرَعُ ثَلاَثَةٌ رَجُلٌ لَهُ أَرْضٌ فَهُوَ يَزْرَعُهَا وَرَجُلٌ مُنِحَ أَرْضًا فَهُوَ يَزْرَعُ مَا مُنِحَ وَرَجُلٌ اسْتَكْرَى أَرْضًا بِذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ

TOPICS
cultivation  *  land  *  tilling  *  gold  *  silver  *  istihqaq  *  muzabanah  *  muhaqalah

QUICK LESSONS:
Follow Islamic teachings when cultivating your lands; Be mindful & respectful towards others’ property rights; Pay fair wages if employing someone else for cultivation work .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about cultivating land according to the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He forbade two practices, Muhaqalah and Muzabanah, which are not specified in this hadith. He then outlined three types of people who cultivate land; a man who has his own land and tills it himself, a man who has been lent land and tills it for the lender, or a man who employs another person to till his land against gold or silver. This hadith teaches us that we should be mindful when cultivating our lands as there are certain rules that must be followed according to Islamic teachings. It also teaches us that we should be fair when dealing with others in regards to our lands; if someone lends you their land you should return it in good condition after use, or if you employ someone else they should receive fair payment for their work.

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