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Sunan Abi Dawud 2971 (Book 20, Hadith 44) #23261
Treaty of Peace and Division of Property

SUMMARY: The Prophet ﷺ concluded a treaty of peace with the people of Fadak and other townships, and blockaded some other people who sent a message for capitulation. He divided the Banu al-Nadir property among the Emigrants, but gave nothing to the Helpers except two needy men.

Al-Zuhri, explaining the verse "For this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry" said: The Prophet concluded the treaty of peace with the people of Fadak and townships which he named which I could not remember ; he blockaded some other people who sent a message to him for capitulation. He said: "For this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry" means without fighting. Al-Zuhri said: The Banu al-Nadir property was exclusively kept for the Prophet ; they did not conquer it by fighting, but conquered it by capitulation. To Prophet divided it among the Emigrants. He did not give anything to the Helpers except two men were needy.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ ثَوْرٍ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، فِي قَوْلِهِ ‏{‏ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلاَ رِكَابٍ ‏}‏ قَالَ صَالَحَ النَّبِيُّ أَهْلَ فَدَكَ وَقُرًى قَدْ سَمَّاهَا لاَ أَحْفَظُهَا وَهُوَ مُحَاصِرٌ قَوْمًا آخَرِينَ فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَيْهِ بِالصُّلْحِ قَالَ ‏{‏ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلاَ رِكَابٍ ‏}‏ يَقُولُ بِغَيْرِ قِتَالٍ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ وَكَانَتْ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ لِلنَّبِيِّ خَالِصًا لَمْ يَفْتَحُوهَا عَنْوَةً افْتَتَحُوهَا عَلَى صُلْحٍ فَقَسَمَهَا النَّبِيُّ بَيْنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ لَمْ يُعْطِ الأَنْصَارَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا إِلاَّ رَجُلَيْنِ كَانَتْ بِهِمَا حَاجَةٌ

TOPICS
treaty  *  peace  *  capitulation  *  property  *  emigrants  *  helpers  *  hilf  *  salam  *  taslim  *  mal  *  muhajirin  *  ansar

QUICK LESSONS:
Strive for peaceful resolution before resorting to violence . Be generous in dealing with others . Do not forget those in need when distributing resources or wealth .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith explains how Prophet Muhammad ﷺ concluded a treaty of peace with certain townships, as well as blockading those who sent messages for capitulation. He then divided the Banu al-Nadir property among the Emigrants, but only gave two needy men from amongst the Helpers anything from it. This hadith teaches us that we should always strive for peace first before resorting to war or violence; it also teaches us that we should be generous in our dealings with others and not forget those in need when distributing resources or wealth.

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