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Sunan Abi Dawud 2327 (Book 14, Hadith 15) #22618
Fasting Before Ramadan

SUMMARY: The Prophet ﷺ advised not to fast one or two days before Ramadan unless it is a habit, and to fast only after sighting the moon. If the 29th day of Ramadan is cloudy, then complete 30 days of fasting.

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: The Prophet said: Do not fast one day or two days just before Ramadan except in the case of a man who has been in the habit or observing a fast (on that day); and do not fast until you sight it (the moon). Then fast until you sight it. If a cloud appears on that day (ie 29th of Ramadan) then complete the number thirty (days) and then end the fasting: a month consists of twenty-nine days.
حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنٌ، عَنْ زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ‏"‏ لاَ تُقَدِّمُوا الشَّهْرَ بِصِيَامِ يَوْمٍ وَلاَ يَوْمَيْنِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ شَىْءٌ يَصُومُهُ أَحَدُكُمْ وَلاَ تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ ثُمَّ صُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ فَإِنْ حَالَ دُونَهُ غَمَامَةٌ فَأَتِمُّوا الْعِدَّةَ ثَلاَثِينَ ثُمَّ أَفْطِرُوا وَ الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ رَوَاهُ حَاتِمُ بْنُ أَبِي صَغِيرَةَ وَشُعْبَةُ وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَنْ سِمَاكٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ لَمْ يَقُولُوا ‏"‏ ثُمَّ أَفْطِرُوا ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَهُوَ حَاتِمُ بْنُ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ أَبِي صَغِيرَةَ وَأَبُو صَغِيرَةَ زَوْجُ أُمِّهِ

TOPICS
fasting  *  sighting  *  moon  *  month  *  siyam  *  ruyat  *  qamar  *  shahr

QUICK LESSONS:
Follow Islamic practices with caution and accuracy; Be patient when faced with difficulties such as clouds blocking your view during times when you need to sight something for religious purposes; Complete 30 Days if unable to sight on 29th Day; Fast only after sighting the moon; Do not fast one or two days before Ramadhan unless it is a habit

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith explains the importance of fasting before Ramadan. The Prophet advised not to fast one or two days before Ramadan unless it is a habit, and to fast only after sighting the moon. If the 29th day of Ramadan is cloudy, then complete 30 days of fasting as a month consists of twenty-nine days. This hadith teaches us that we should follow Islamic practices with caution and accuracy in order to ensure that our deeds are accepted by Allah SWT. It also teaches us that we should be patient when faced with difficulties such as clouds blocking our view during times when we need to sight something for religious purposes like sighting the moon for determining when Ramadan begins or ends.

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