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Sunan Abi Dawud 2114 (Book 12, Hadith 69) #22405
Rights of a Woman Married Without Dower

SUMMARY: This hadith discusses the rights of a woman who was married without cohabiting with her or fixing any dower for her till her husband died.

Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas'ud: Masruq said on the authority of Abdullah ibn Mas'ud: Abdullah (ibn Mas'ud ) was asked about a man who had married a woman without cohabiting with her or fixing any dower for her till he died. Ibn Mas'ud said: She should receive the full dower (as given to women of her class), observe the waiting period ('Iddah), and have her share of inheritance. Thereupon Ma'qil ibn Sinan said: I heard the Messenger of Allah giving the same decision regarding Birwa daughter of Washiq (as the decision you have given).
حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ فِرَاسٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَمَاتَ عَنْهَا وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا وَلَمْ يَفْرِضْ لَهَا الصَّدَاقَ فَقَالَ لَهَا الصَّدَاقُ كَامِلاً وَعَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ وَلَهَا الْمِيرَاثُ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَضَى بِهِ فِي بِرْوَعَ بِنْتِ وَاشِقٍ

TOPICS
marriage  *  inheritance  *  period  *  dower

QUICK LESSONS:
Give Women their due rights even if they are not able to get them during their lifetime; Be fair in our dealings with others; Respect Women's Rights; Treat everyone equally regardless gender; Follow Islamic teachings on marriage; Give justice when dealing with people's matters especially related to marriage.

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith discusses the rights of a woman who was married without cohabiting with her or fixing any dower for her till her husband died. The narrator Abdullah ibn Mas'ud said that she should receive the full dower as given to women of her class and observe the waiting period 'Iddah and have her share of inheritance. Ma'qil ibn Sinan also mentioned that he heard the Messenger giving the same decision regarding Birwa daughter of Washiq as what Abdullah gave. This hadith teaches us about justice and fairness in marriage and how it is important to give women their due rights even if they are not able to get them during their lifetime. It also shows us how important it is to be fair in our dealings with others so that we can be rewarded by Allah in this life and hereafter.

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