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Sunan Abi Dawud 582 (Book 2, Hadith 192) #20873
Leading Prayers and Respect for Others

SUMMARY: The most knowledgeable person in the Quran should lead the prayer, and if they are equal in knowledge, then the one who migrated first should lead. No one should lead another in prayer without permission or sit on their throne without permission.

Abu Mas’ud al-Badri reported the Messenger of Allah as saying: The one of you who is most versed in the Books of Allah should act as imam for the people; and the one who is the earliest of them in reciting (the Qur’an); if they are equally versed in reciting it, then the earliest of them to emigrate (to Medina); if they emigrated at the same time, then the oldest of them. No man must lead another in prayer in his house (ie in the house of a latter) or where the latter has authority, or sit in his place of honor without his permission. Shu’bah said: I asked Isma’il: what is the meaning of his place of honor? He replied: his throne.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، أَخْبَرَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ رَجَاءٍ، سَمِعْتُ أَوْسَ بْنَ ضَمْعَجٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْبَدْرِيِّ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ‏ "‏ يَؤُمُّ الْقَوْمَ أَقْرَؤُهُمْ لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَأَقْدَمُهُمْ قِرَاءَةً فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ سَوَاءً فَلْيَؤُمَّهُمْ أَقْدَمُهُمْ هِجْرَةً فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْهِجْرَةِ سَوَاءً فَلْيَؤُمَّهُمْ أَكْبَرُهُمْ سِنًّا وَلاَ يُؤَمُّ الرَّجُلُ فِي بَيْتِهِ وَلاَ فِي سُلْطَانِهِ وَلاَ يُجْلَسُ عَلَى تَكْرِمَتِهِ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ شُعْبَةُ فَقُلْتُ لإِسْمَاعِيلَ مَا تَكْرِمَتُهُ قَالَ فِرَاشُهُ

QUICK LESSONS:
Choose someone knowledgeable about Quran as Imam; Follow Islamic teachings correctly according to Sunnah; Be mindful of other people's feelings; Ask for permission before taking any action that could potentially hurt someone else; Respect other people's authority etc..

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about respecting others and leading prayers properly. It teaches us that when it comes to leading prayers, we must choose someone who is knowledgeable about the Quran and has a good understanding of it. If there are multiple people with equal knowledge, then we must choose whoever migrated to Medina first as they have more experience with Islam than those who came later. Additionally, no one should lead another person's prayer in their house or sit on their throne without permission from them first. This hadith also teaches us to respect other people's authority and not take advantage of them by sitting on their throne or leading prayers without asking for permission first. We must always be mindful of other people's feelings and respect their wishes before taking any action that could potentially hurt them or make them feel uncomfortable.

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