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Sunan Abi Dawud 152 (Book 1, Hadith 152) #20443
Completing Prayers with Prostrations for Forgetfulness

SUMMARY: The Prophet (ﷺ) lagged behind in a journey and joined a prayer led by 'Abd al-Rahman. He then completed the prayer with one rak’ah and taught that if someone gets an odd number of rak’ahs, they should perform two prostrations on account of forgetfulness.

Al-Mughirah b. Shu’bah said : The Messenger of Allah ﷺ lagged behind (in a journey). He then narrated this story saying : Then we came to people'.Abd al-Rahman was leading them in the dawn prayer. When he perceived the presence of the Prophet ﷺ, he intended to retire. The Prophet ﷺ asked him to continue and I and the Prophet ﷺoffered one rak’ah of prayer behind him. When he had pronounced the salutation, the Prophetﷺ got up and offered the rak’ah which had been finished before, and he made no addition to it. Abu Dawud said: Abu Sa’id al-Khudri, Ibn al-Zubair and Ibn 'Umar hold the opinion that whoever gets an odd number of the rak’ahs of prayer, he should perform two prostrations on account of forgetfulness.
حَدَّثَنَا هُدْبَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَعَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَوْفَى، أَنَّ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ، قَالَ تَخَلَّفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَأَتَيْنَا النَّاسَ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ يُصَلِّي بِهِمُ الصُّبْحَ فَلَمَّا رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَأَخَّرَ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَمْضِيَ - قَالَ - فَصَلَّيْتُ أَنَا وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ خَلْفَهُ رَكْعَةً فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ قَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَصَلَّى الرَّكْعَةَ الَّتِي سُبِقَ بِهَا وَلَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَيْهَا شَيْئًا ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ وَابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ وَابْنُ عُمَرَ يَقُولُونَ مَنْ أَدْرَكَ الْفَرْدَ مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ عَلَيْهِ سَجْدَتَا السَّهْوِ

QUICK LESSONS:
Follow Islamic Teachings , Be Mindful when Praying , Respect Others , Complete Prayers Correctly According To Islamic Teachings .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about the importance of completing prayers correctly. In this hadith, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was travelling and he joined a prayer led by 'Abd al-Rahman. When he finished his prayer, it was an odd number of rak'ahs so the Prophet ﷺ taught that if someone gets an odd number of rak'ahs, they should perform two prostrations on account of forgetfulness. This teaches us to be mindful when we are praying and to make sure we complete our prayers correctly according to Islamic teachings. It also shows us how important it is to follow Islamic teachings even in small matters like praying because Allah knows best what is right for us as Muslims.

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