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Sahih Muslim 1812b (Book 32, Hadith 167) #11795
Killing Children Prohibited

SUMMARY: Killing children is prohibited unless one can distinguish between a believer and a non-believer.

This tradition has been narrated by the game authority (Yazid b. Hurmuz) through a different chain of transmitters with the following difference in the elucidation of one of the points raised by Najda in his letter to Ibn Abas: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used not to kill the children, so thou shouldst not kill them unless you could know what Khadir had known about the child he killed, or you could distinguish between a child who would grow up to he a believer (and a child who would grow up to be a non-believer), so that you killed the (prospective) non-believer and left the (prospective) believer aside.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، كِلاَهُمَا عَنْ حَاتِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ، أَنَّ نَجْدَةَ، كَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ خِلاَلٍ، ‏.‏ بِمِثْلِ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلاَلٍ غَيْرَ أَنَّ فِي، حَدِيثِ حَاتِمٍ وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَقْتُلُ الصِّبْيَانَ فَلاَ تَقْتُلِ الصِّبْيَانَ إِلاَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ تَعْلَمُ مَا عَلِمَ الْخَضِرُ مِنَ الصَّبِيِّ الَّذِي قَتَلَ ‏.‏ وَزَادَ إِسْحَاقُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ عَنْ حَاتِمٍ وَتُمَيِّزَ الْمُؤْمِنَ فَتَقْتُلَ الْكَافِرَ وَتَدَعَ الْمُؤْمِنَ
TOPICS
killing  *  children  *  prohibited  *  belief

QUICK LESSONS:
Do not kill children unless you are absolutely sure they will become non-believers in the future
EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith, narrated by Yazid b. Hurmuz, states that killing children is strictly prohibited in Islam unless one can distinguish between a believer and a non-believer. This means that if someone knows for certain that the child will grow up to be an unbeliever, then they may kill them as an act of mercy to prevent them from committing sins in the future. However, this should only be done if there is absolute certainty about the child's future beliefs and actions; otherwise it is forbidden to take away any life without due cause or permission from Allah SWT. The hadith also teaches us that we should not judge people based on their current beliefs or actions but rather give them the chance to change and grow into better people before taking any drastic measures against them.

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