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Sahih Muslim 1756 (Book 32, Hadith 55) #11683
Sharing Booty from Surrendered Towns

SUMMARY: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught that if a town surrenders without a formal war, the Muslims will have a share in its properties. If the town disobeys Allah and His Messenger and fights against the Muslims, one-fifth of the booty seized from it is for Allah and His Messenger, while the rest is for them.

It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah said: If you come to a township (which has surrendered without a formal war) and stay therein, you have a share (that will be in the form of an award) in (the properties obtained from) it. If a township disobeys Allah and His Messenger (and actually fights against the Muslims) one-fifth of the booty seized therefrom is for Allah and His Apostle and the rest is for you.
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، قَالَ هَذَا مَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَذَكَرَ أَحَادِيثَ مِنْهَا وَقَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ‏ "‏ أَيُّمَا قَرْيَةٍ أَتَيْتُمُوهَا وَأَقَمْتُمْ فِيهَا فَسَهْمُكُمْ فِيهَا وَأَيُّمَا قَرْيَةٍ عَصَتِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَإِنَّ خُمُسَهَا لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ هِيَ لَكُمْ

TOPICS
booty  *  surrender  *  township  *  share  *  ghanimah  *  istasqa  *  qarya  *  nasb

QUICK LESSONS:
Obey God's commands , Strive for peace instead of engaging in wars whenever possible , Share resources fairly among all parties involved .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith teaches us about how to divide spoils of war among those who fought in it. According to this hadith, if a town or village surrenders without any formal war then those who fought will have their share in its properties. However, if they disobey Allah and His Messenger and fight against Muslims then one-fifth of what was seized from them should be given to Allah and His Messenger while the rest should be divided among those who fought. This teaches us that we must always obey God's commands even when we are at war with others as He knows best what is right for us. It also shows us that we must always strive to bring peace instead of engaging in wars whenever possible as this would benefit everyone involved more than anything else.

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