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Sahih Muslim 1669b (Book 28, Hadith 2) #11454
Taking Oaths to Exonerate Accused People

SUMMARY: The hadith is about a situation where two people were accused of murder and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) suggested that fifty people take an oath to exonerate them.

Sahl. b. Abu Hathma and Rafi' b. Khadij reported that Muhayyisa b. Mas'ud and 'Abdullah b. Sahl went towards Khaibar and they separated near the palm-trees'.Abdullah b. Sahl was killed. They accused the Jews (for this act). And there came to Allah's Apostle ﷺ his brother (the brother of the slain person) 'Abd al-Rahman and his cousins Hawayyisah and Muhayyisa; and 'Abd al-Rahman talked to him about the matter pertaining to (the murder of) his brother, and he was the youngest among them. Thereupon Allah's Messenger ﷺ said: Show regard for the greatness of the old, or he said: Let the eldest begin speaking. Then they (Hawayyisah and Muhayyisa) spoke about the matter of their companion (murder of their cousin, 'Abdullah b. Sahl). Thereupon Allah's Messenger ﷺ said: Let fifty (persons) among you take oath for levelling the charge (of murder) against a person amongst them, and he would be surrendered to you. They said: We have not witnessed this matter ourselves. How can we then take oath? He (the Holy Prophet) said: The Jews will exonerate themselves by the oaths of fifty of them. They said: Messenger of Allah, they are non-believing people. Thereupon Allah's Messenger ﷺ paid the blood wit for him. Sahl said: As one day I entered the fold a she-camel amongst those camels hit me with its leg.
وَحَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْقَوَارِيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، وَرَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، أَنَّ مُحَيِّصَةَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَبْدَ، اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ انْطَلَقَا قِبَلَ خَيْبَرَ فَتَفَرَّقَا فِي النَّخْلِ فَقُتِلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ فَاتَّهَمُوا الْيَهُودَ فَجَاءَ أَخُوهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَابْنَا عَمِّهِ حُوَيِّصَةُ وَمُحَيِّصَةُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَتَكَلَّمَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ فِي أَمْرِ أَخِيهِ وَهُوَ أَصْغَرُ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ‏"‏ كَبِّرِ الْكُبْرَ - أَوْ قَالَ - لِيَبْدَإِ الأَكْبَرُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَتَكَلَّمَا فِي أَمْرِ صَاحِبِهِمَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ‏"‏ يُقْسِمُ خَمْسُونَ مِنْكُمْ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ فَيُدْفَعُ بِرُمَّتِهِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالُوا أَمْرٌ لَمْ نَشْهَدْهُ كَيْفَ نَحْلِفُ قَالَ ‏"‏ فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِأَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَوْمٌ كُفَّارٌ قَالَ فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ ‏.‏ قَالَ سَهْلٌ فَدَخَلْتُ مِرْبَدًا لَهُمْ يَوْمًا فَرَكَضَتْنِي نَاقَةٌ مِنْ تِلْكَ الإِبِلِ رَكْضَةً بِرِجْلِهَا ‏.‏ قَالَ حَمَّادٌ هَذَا أَوْ نَحْوَهُ
TOPICS
oath  *  exoneration  *  murder  *  bloodwit  *  yamin  *  tahkim  *  qatl  *  diyat

QUICK LESSONS:
Respect your elders , Seek justice through legal means rather than taking matters into our own hands , Seek help from Allah SWT first before anything else .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about a situation where two people were accused of murder by the Jews in Khaibar near some palm trees, so their relatives came to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ for help in exonerating them from this accusation as they did not witness it themselves. The Prophet ﷺ suggested that fifty people take an oath in order to exonerate them from this accusation as it was common practice among the Jews at that time for such cases of murder accusations against someone who could not be proven guilty or innocent without witnesses or evidence due to lack thereof at that time period . This hadith teaches us how important it is for us Muslims today to respect our elders no matter what age we are ourselves as well as how important it is for us Muslims today when faced with difficult situations like these ones mentioned above ,to seek help from Allah SWT first before anything else . It also teaches us how important it is for us Muslims today when faced with difficult situations like these ones mentioned above ,to seek justice through legal means rather than taking matters into our own hands .

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