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Sahih Muslim 1637a (Book 25, Hadith 29) #11339
The Last Will of the Prophet Muhammad

SUMMARY: This hadith is about the Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) last will and testament to his companions, which included expelling polytheists from Arabia and showing hospitality to foreign delegations.

Sa'id b. Jubair reported that Ibn 'Abbas said: Thursday, (and then said): What is this Thursday? He then wept so much that his tears moistened the pebbles. I said: Ibn 'Abbas, what is (significant) about Thursday? He (Ibn 'Abbas) said: The illness of Allah's Messenger ﷺ took a serious turn (on this day), and he said: Come to me, so that I should write for you a document that you may not go astray after me. They (the Companions around him) disputed, and it is not meet to dispute in the presence of the Apostle. They said: How is lie (Allah's Apostle)? Has he lost his consciousness? Try to learn from him (this point). He (the Holy Prophet) said: Leave me. I am better in the state (than the one in which you are engaged). I make a will about three things: Turn out the polytheists from the territory of Arabia; show hospitality to the (foreign) delegations as I used to show them hospitality. He (the narrator) said: He (Ibn Abbas) kept silent on the third point, or he (the narrator) said: But I forgot that. This hadith was mentioned through another chain.
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، وَقُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَعَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ - وَاللَّفْظُ لِسَعِيدٍ - قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، قَالَ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَوْمُ الْخَمِيسِ وَمَا يَوْمُ الْخَمِيسِ ثُمَّ بَكَى حَتَّى بَلَّ دَمْعُهُ الْحَصَى ‏.‏ فَقُلْتُ يَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ وَمَا يَوْمُ الْخَمِيسِ قَالَ اشْتَدَّ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَجَعُهُ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ ائْتُونِي أَكْتُبْ لَكُمْ كِتَابًا لاَ تَضِلُّوا بَعْدِي ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَتَنَازَعُوا وَمَا يَنْبَغِي عِنْدَ نَبِيٍّ تَنَازُعٌ ‏.‏ وَقَالُوا مَا شَأْنُهُ أَهَجَرَ اسْتَفْهِمُوهُ ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ دَعُونِي فَالَّذِي أَنَا فِيهِ خَيْرٌ أُوصِيكُمْ بِثَلاَثٍ أَخْرِجُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ جَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ وَأَجِيزُوا الْوَفْدَ بِنَحْوِ مَا كُنْتُ أُجِيزُهُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ وَسَكَتَ عَنِ الثَّالِثَةِ أَوْ قَالَهَا فَأُنْسِيتُهَا ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ
TOPICS
will  *  polytheists  *  hospitality  *  muhammad

QUICK LESSONS:
Respect guests , Show kindness towards others , Stand up against injustice .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith recounts a conversation between Ibn Abbas and Sa'id b. Jubair in which Ibn Abbas explains the significance of Thursday for Muslims. He explains that on this day, the illness of Allah's Messenger took a serious turn and he asked his companions to come close so he could write them a document that would ensure they did not go astray after him. His companions debated whether or not it was appropriate to do so in his presence, but eventually agreed when he said he was better off than they were at that moment. He then made three requests; firstly, for polytheists to be expelled from Arabia; secondly, for hospitality towards foreign delegations as he himself showed them; and thirdly an unknown request which has been forgotten by history due to its omission from this hadith chain. This hadith serves as an important reminder of how we should treat our guests with kindness and respect as well as how we should strive against injustice even if it means standing up against those who are more powerful than us in order to protect our faith and beliefs.

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