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THE EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE

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    Posted: 04 April 2005 at 11:55pm

THE EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE

INTRODUCTION

The expansion of the Universe is one of the most imposing discoveries of modern science. Today it is a firmly established concept and the only debate centers around the way this is taking place.

It was first suggested by the general theory of relativity and is backed up by physics in the examination of the galactic spectrum; the regular movement towards the red section of their spectrum may be explained by the distancing of one galaxy from another. Thus the size of the Universe is probably constantly increasing and this increase will become bigger the further away the galaxies are from us. The speeds at which these celestial bodies are moving may, in the course of this perpetual expansion, go from fractions of the speed of light to speeds faster than this.

The following verse of the Qur'an (sura 51, verse 47) where God is speaking, may perhaps be compared with modern ideas:

"The heaven, We have built it with power. Verily. We are expanding it." 'Heaven' is the translation of the word sama' and this is exactly the extra-terrestrial world that is meant. 'We are expanding it' is the translation of the plural present participle musi'una of the verb ausa'a meaning 'to make wider, more spacious, to extend, to expand'.

Some translators who were unable to grasp the meaning of the latter provide translations that appear to me to be mistaken, e.g. "we give generously" (R. Blachere). Others sense the meaning, but are afraid to commit themselves: Ramidullah in his translation of the Qur'an talks of the widening of the heavens and space, but he includes a question mark. Finally, there are those who arm themselves with authorized scientific opinion in their commentaries and give the meaning stated here. This is true in the case of the Muntakab, a book of commentaries edited by the Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs, Cairo. It refers to the expansion of the Universe in totally unambiguous terms.

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THE CONQUEST OF SPACE

From this point of view, three verses of the Qur'an should command our full attention. One expresses, without any trace of ambiguity, what man should and will achieve in this field. In the other two, God refers for the sake of the unbelievers in Makka to the surprise they would have if they were able to raise themselves up to the Heavens; He alludes to a hypothesis which will not be realized for the latter. 1) The first of these verses is sura 55, verse 33: "O assembly of Jinns and Men, if you can penetrate regions of the heavens and the earth, then penetrate them! You will not penetrate them save with a Power."

The translation given here needs some explanatory comment:

a) The word 'if' expresses in English a condition that is dependent upon a possibility and either an achievable or an unachievable hypothesis. Arabic is a language which is able to introduce a nuance into the condition which is much more explicit. There is one word to express the possibility (ida), another for the achievable hypothesis (in) and a third for the unachievable hypothesis expressed by the word (lau). The verse in question has it as an achievable hypothesis expressed by the word (in). The Qur'an therefore suggests the material possibility of a concrete realization. This subtle linguistic distinction formally rules out the purely mystic interpretation that some people have (quite wrongly) put on this verse.

b) God is addressing the spirits (jinn) and human beings (ins), and not essentially allegorical figures.

c) 'To penetrate' is the translation of the verb nafada followed by the preposition min. According to Kazimirski's dictionary, the phrase means 'to pass right through and come out on the other side of a body' (e.g. an arrow that comes out on the other side). It therefore suggests a deep penetration and emergence at the other end into the regions in question.

d) The Power (sultan) these men will have to achieve this enterprise would seem to come from the All- Mighty.' There can be no doubt that this verse indicates the possibility men will one day achieve what we today call (perhaps rather improperly) 'the conquest of space'. One must note that the text of the Qur'an predicts not only penetration through the regions of the Heavens, but also the Earth, i.e. the exploration of its depths. 2) The other two verses are taken from sura 15, (verses 14 and 15). God is speaking of the unbelievers in Makka, as the context of this passage in the sura shows:

"Even if We opened unto them a gate to Heaven and they were to continue ascending therein, they would say: our sight is confused as in drunkenness. Nay, we are people bewitched."

The above expresses astonishment at a remarkable spectacle, different from anything man could imagine. The conditional sentence is introduced here by the word lau which expresses a hypothesis that could never be realized as far as it concerned the people mentioned in these verses.

When talking of the conquest of space therefore, we have two passages in the text of the Qur'an: one of them refers to what will one day become a reality thanks to the powers of intelligence and ingenuity God will give to man, and the other describes an event that the unbelievers in Makkah will never witness, hence its character of a condition never to be realized. The event will however be seen by others, as intimated in the first verse quoted above. It describes the human reactions to the unexpected spectacle that travelers in space will see: their confused sight, as in drunkenness, the feeling of being bewitched...

This is exactly how astronauts have experienced this remarkable adventure since the first human space flight around the world in 1961. It is known in actual fact how once one is above the Earth's atmosphere, the Heavens no longer have the azure appearance we see from Earth, which results from phenomena of absorption of the Sun's light into the layers of the atmosphere. The human observer in space above the Earth's atmosphere sees a black sky and the Earth seems to be surrounded by a halo of bluish color due to the same phenomena of absorption of light by the Earth's atmosphere. The Moon has no atmosphere, however, and therefore appears in its true colors against the black background of the sky. It is a completely new spectacle therefore that presents itself to men in space, and the photographs of this spectacle are well known to present-day man.

Here again, it is difficult not to be impressed, when comparing the text of the Qur'an to the data of modern science, by statements that simply cannot be ascribed to the thought of a man who lived more than fourteen centuries ago.

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EVOLUTION OF THE HEAVENS

Having called modern concepts on the formation of the Universe to mind, reference was made to the evolution that took place, starting with primary nebula through to the formation of galaxies, stars and (for the solar system) the appearance of planets beginning with the Sun at a certain stage of its evolution. Modern data lead us to believe that in the solar system, and more generally in the Universe itself, this evolution is still continuing.

How can anybody who is aware of these ideas fail to make a comparison with certain statements found in the Qur'an in which the manifestations of divine Omnipotence are referred to. The Qur'an reminds us several times that: "(God) subjected the sun and the moon: each one runs its course to an appointed term."

This sentence is to be found in sura 13, verse 2; sura 31, verse 29; sura 35, verse 13 and sura 39, verse 5. In addition to this, the idea of a settled place is associate with the concept of a destination place in sura 36, verse 38: "The Sun runs its course to a settled place. This is the decree of the All Mighty, the Full of Knowledge."

'Settled place' is the translation of the word mustaqarr and there can be no doubt that the idea of an exact place is attached to it.

How do these statements fare when compared with data established by modern science?

The Qur'an gives an end to the Sun for its evolution and a destination place. It also provides the Moon with a settled place. To understand the possible meanings of these statements, we must remember what modern knowledge has to say about the evolution of the stars in general and the Sun in particular, and (by extension) the celestial bodies that automatically followed its movement through space, among them the Moon.

The Sun is a star that is roughly 4.5 billion years old, according to experts in astrophysics. It is possible to (distinguish a stage in its evolution, as one can for all the stars. At present, the Sun is at an early stage, characterized by the transformation of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms. Theoretically, this present stage should last another 5.5 billion years according to calculations that allow a total of 10 billion years for the duration of the primary stage in a star of this kind. It has already been shown, in the case of these other stars, that this stage gives way to a second period characterized by the completion of the transformation of hydrogen into helium, with the resulting expansion of its external layers and the cooling of the Sun. In the final stage, its light is greatly diminished and density considerably increased; this is to be observed in the type of star known as a 'white dwarf'.

The above dates are only of interest in as far as they give a rough estimate of the time factor involved, what is worth remembering and is really the main point of the above, is the notion of an evolution. Modern data allow us to predict that, in a few billion years, the conditions prevailing in the solar system will not be the same as they are today. Like other stars whose transformations have been recorded until they reached their final stage, it is possible to predict an end to the Sun. The second verse quoted above (sura 36, verse 38) referred to the Sun running its course towards a place of its own.

Modern astronomy has been able to locate it exactly and has even given it a name, the Solar Apex: the solar system is indeed evolving in space towards a point situated in the Constellation of Hercules (alpha lyrae) whose exact location is firmly established; it is moving at a speed already ascertained at something in the region of 12 miles per second.

All these astronomical data deserve to be mentioned in relation to the two verses from the Qur'an. Since it is possible to state that they appear to agree perfectly with modern scientific data.

Acknowledgements: [email protected]

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ahasanah View Drop Down
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote ahasanah Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 15 May 2005 at 1:40am

Yes, the theory of 'the expanding universe' is true, and the Quran had told us about it, 14 centuries ago. Subhanallah.

For muslims who want to know about science n the relevation with Islam, watch the movie by Harun Yahya. He is Turkish muslim. His books n CD's available in many countries include Indonesia.  For more info, just visit the website:

www.harunyahya.com  

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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote deist Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17 May 2005 at 12:49am
Originally posted by ahasanah ahasanah wrote:

Yes, the theory of 'the expanding universe' is true, and the Quran had told us about it, 14 centuries ago. Subhanallah.

For muslims who want to know about science n the relevation with Islam, watch the movie by Harun Yahya. He is Turkish muslim. His books n CD's available in many countries include Indonesia.  For more info, just visit the website:

www.harunyahya.com  


I still recall his book "The evolution deceit".
Very bad author who doesnt really know what he writes about.
And no idea of logic or mathematics.

Sad that so many adhere to his views.

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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Yusuf. Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17 May 2005 at 1:02am

deist!

so good to see you're still kicking around. Hope you and your family are well.

Best,

Yusuf
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote nadir Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17 May 2005 at 8:50am

 

Assalaamu alaikum

 

 

Dear Administrator(s), seen as though you have (posted this &) brought it to my attention�..

 

"The heaven, We have built it with power. Verily. We are expanding it." [Surah 51, Verse 47]

 

 

Of course the universe is expanding, but scientists are mystified as to why, because they do not understand the Force that is expanding it! All their theories are inaccurate (in certain characteristics), because they are based on misconceptions. How do I know this? Well that�s quite simple, scientifically, I have the answers, but I also know they are unable to determine whether God exists or not, hence they have not penetrated the truth of existence�..  

 

 

"O assembly of Jinns and Men, if you can penetrate regions of the heavens and the earth, then penetrate them! You will not penetrate them save with a Power." [Surah 55, Verse 33]

 

My understanding of this passage is that, �man� will never be able to (truly) penetrate the heavens in his physical state, rather it will be a spiritual penetration. Like when the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was able to describe [in exact detail] Jerusalem, despite never visiting that place (he was shown it by a force science cannot explain, ie in this case an Angel).

 

I realise Isa (AS) was raised up to the heavens (in body & soul), but is not (one of the reasons) he (AS) has to descend back to earth, to (die &) pass from his physical state, into the eternal spiritual state/realm? My understanding of this is that in Jannah, beings will not age (or need to urinate, or sleep etc), hence in that place beings will not exist in (exactly) the same form as on earth. I welcome anyone else�s opinion on this matter.

 

 

"(God) subjected the sun and the moon: each one runs its course to an appointed term." [Surah 13, Verse 2]

 

 

If I may add a passage of the Qur�an to help illustrate a point:

 

��And (He created) the sun, the moon, the stars subjected to his command. Surely, His is the creation and commandment�. �  Surah 7: Verse 54

 

Scientists are unable to explain the Force that maintains the orbits, of the planets, moons, & stars. Nor are they able to illustrate why, & how these bodies revolve/rotate (which is one of the reasons why they are unable to understand how/why the universe is expanding).

 

These issues are all interrelated:

 

Without movement, there is no time

Without prior capacity, there is no expansion

��.

 

 

 

I still await�.. to be freed,

 

I do not understand why it is that my fellow Muslim�s continue to run away from (me &) the fact that, I can illustrate (via scientific means) that these forces, are One Force (Allah [SWT]).

 

Hence meanwhile all I can do is continue to purify my practice��. Insha Allah

 

 

 

O�Allah, please allow me to be of those whom have pleased You.

 

 

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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote JohnDM Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17 May 2005 at 2:16pm
The Universe = Sun x Sun x Death x the Grave (gravity).

The Big Bang was some 1,500,000,000 years ago x the sidereal orbit of
the Earth around the Sun at 365.2563612 days x 864,000 seconds x light
speed at 186,282 miles per second is 8.818072838e+22 miles.

Now divide by Darkness, that is the speed of universal gravity at 177,000
miles per second and this is equivalent to 1,000 seconds of gravity speed
x the photosphere of the Sun, a diameter of 865,000 miles x the
chromosphere of the Sun + photosphere of the Sun totals 882,000 miles
x 653.0038 days, that is from the death of John the Baptist on June 24,
AD28 to 3pm Friday,April 7 AD30 the death on the Cross of Jesus.

So the Sun of Righteousness x the Sun x Darkness x time from death to
death reveals the Big Bang.

But then this is not rocket science only pocket science.
"Ignorance is no refuge"
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote nadir Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17 May 2005 at 3:35pm

 

U = S x S x D x G

 

is that the best you can do?



Edited by nadir
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote JohnDM Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17 May 2005 at 10:52pm
I do hope not!

So we take the seven branched Menorah at 882 or 7 x 126.

Increase the seven burning lamps from 882 to 882,000 miles
the diameter of the chromosphere of the Sun.

Pretend 882,000 is seconds in time x the speed of light (the
Sun is our light) in space at 186,282.5 miles per second
(299,792.7kms) and divided by the speed gravity in space at
177,000 miles per second and this is 100 x 9,282.552 miles per
second and add to the speed of gravity at 177,000 miles per
second is 186,282.552 miles per second.

So now you what happens when Light and Darkness is used
in my 'Number Form Follows Measurement Function'.

Fun
"Ignorance is no refuge"
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