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a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:5580;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:37:"Science and Scholarship in Al-Andalus";s:9:"the_title";s:37:"Science and Scholarship in Al-Andalus";s:13:"the_permalink";s:70:"https://www.islamicity.org/5580/science-and-scholarship-in-al-andalus/";s:8:"the_date";s:10:"Oct 3 2020";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:42:"November 22, 2013 {wpcf-soft-date engaged}";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:175:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://media.islamicity.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/iStock-471442753.jpg&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:10:"Al-Andalus";s:9:"the_topic";s:71:"Al-Andalus";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:275:"In the first century of Islamic rule in Spain the culture was largely derived from that of the flourishing civilization being developed by the Abbasids in Baghdad. But then, during the reign of Abd al-Rahman III (912-961), Islamic Spain began to make its own contributions. ";}

a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:7966;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:14:"Arabic numbers";s:9:"the_title";s:14:"Arabic numbers";s:13:"the_permalink";s:47:"https://www.islamicity.org/7966/arabic-numbers/";s:8:"the_date";s:11:"Nov 12 2019";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:42:"November 22, 2013 {wpcf-soft-date engaged}";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:191:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://www.islamicity.org/global/images/photo/IC-Articles/dice_arabicnumbersIC__800x447.JPG&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:6:"Arabic";s:9:"the_topic";s:63:"Arabic";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:235:"The system of numeration employed throughout the greater part of the world today was probably developed in India, but because it was the Arabs who transmitted this system to the West the numerals it uses have come to be called Arabic. ";}

a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:5579;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:14:"Arabic Writing";s:9:"the_title";s:14:"Arabic Writing";s:13:"the_permalink";s:47:"https://www.islamicity.org/5579/arabic-writing/";s:8:"the_date";s:11:"Oct 25 2019";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:42:"November 22, 2013 {wpcf-soft-date engaged}";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:198:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://www.islamicity.org/global/images/photo/IC-Articles/Learning_Arabic_calligrapIC__800x600.JPG&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:6:"Arabic";s:9:"the_topic";s:63:"Arabic";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:331:"The Arabs gave to a large part of the world not only a religion - Islam - but also a language and an alphabet. Where the Muslim religion went, the Arabic language and Arabic writing also went. Arabic became and has remained the national language - the mother tongue - of North Africa and all the Arab countries of the Middle East. ";}

a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:5578;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:18:"The Faith of Islam";s:9:"the_title";s:18:"The Faith of Islam";s:13:"the_permalink";s:51:"https://www.islamicity.org/5578/the-faith-of-islam/";s:8:"the_date";s:11:"Jun 15 2019";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:42:"November 22, 2013 {wpcf-soft-date engaged}";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:182:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://www.islamicity.org/global/images/photo/IC-Articles/handskabaIC__800x450.JPG&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:4:"Hajj";s:9:"the_topic";s:59:"Hajj";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:236:"Islam, in Arabic, means "submission" - submission to the will of God. Faithful Muslims, therefore, submit unreservedly to God's will and obey His precepts as set forth in the Quran and transmitted to mankind by Muhammad, His Messenger. ";}

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a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:5581;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:17:"Arabic literature";s:9:"the_title";s:17:"Arabic literature";s:13:"the_permalink";s:50:"https://www.islamicity.org/5581/arabic-literature/";s:8:"the_date";s:11:"May 25 2016";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:42:"November 22, 2013 {wpcf-soft-date engaged}";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:184:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://www.islamicity.org/global/images/photo/IC-Articles/arabicbooksIC__800x535.JPG&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:6:"Arabic";s:9:"the_topic";s:63:"Arabic";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:323:"The Quran, the primary document of the Islamic faith, is the first Arabic book. Its style, at once vigorous, allusive, and concise, deeply influenced later compositions in Arabic, as it continues to color the mode of expression of native speakers of Arabic, Christian as well as Muslim, both in writing and in conversation.";}

a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:5572;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:27:"The Mongols and the Mamluks";s:9:"the_title";s:27:"The Mongols and the Mamluks";s:13:"the_permalink";s:60:"https://www.islamicity.org/5572/the-mongols-and-the-mamluks/";s:8:"the_date";s:10:"Apr 5 2016";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:42:"November 22, 2013 {wpcf-soft-date engaged}";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:192:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://www.islamicity.org/global/images/photo/IC-Articles/Emaljeret-glasskaalIC__800x559.JPG&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:7:"Mamluks";s:9:"the_topic";s:65:"Mamluks";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:232:"In the thirteenth century still another threat to the Muslim world appeared in the land beyond the Oxus: the Mongols. Led by Genghis Khan, a confederation of nomadic tribes which had already conquered China now attacked the Muslims.";}

a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:5573;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:10:"The Legacy";s:9:"the_title";s:10:"The Legacy";s:13:"the_permalink";s:43:"https://www.islamicity.org/5573/the-legacy/";s:8:"the_date";s:11:"Nov 28 2015";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:42:"November 22, 2013 {wpcf-soft-date engaged}";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:182:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://www.islamicity.org/global/images/photo/IC-Articles/mosqueskyIC__800x486.JPG&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:13:"Hajra (Hagar)";s:9:"the_topic";s:75:"Hajra (Hagar)";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:184:"The foundation of this legacy was the astonishing achievements of Muslim scholars, scientists, craftsmen, and traders during the two hundred years or so that are called the Golden Age.";}

a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:5577;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:14:"The holy Quran";s:9:"the_title";s:14:"The holy Quran";s:13:"the_permalink";s:47:"https://www.islamicity.org/5577/the-holy-quran/";s:8:"the_date";s:11:"Nov 22 2013";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:17:"November 22, 2013";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:184:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://www.islamicity.org/global/images/photo/IC-Articles/qurantasbihIC__800x533.JPG&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:5:"Quran";s:9:"the_topic";s:61:"Quran";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:217:"Islam appeared in the form of a book: the Quran. Muslims, consider the Quran (sometimes spelled "Koran") to be the Word of God as transmitted by the Angel Gabriel, in the Arabic language, through the Prophet Muhammad.";}

a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:5576;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:24:"Revival in the Arab east";s:9:"the_title";s:24:"Revival in the Arab east";s:13:"the_permalink";s:57:"https://www.islamicity.org/5576/revival-in-the-arab-east/";s:8:"the_date";s:11:"Nov 22 2013";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:17:"November 22, 2013";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:184:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://www.islamicity.org/global/images/photo/IC-Articles/kingsaudFDRIC__800x595.JPG&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:5:"Egypt";s:9:"the_topic";s:61:"Egypt";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:294:"This tumultuous period also saw an increase in the influence of the United States and the Soviet Union in the Middle East. Neither power had played a major role in the early phases of penetration, but this changed as they developed conflicting interests with regard to the Arab-Israeli dispute.";}

a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:5575;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:22:"The coming of the west";s:9:"the_title";s:22:"The coming of the west";s:13:"the_permalink";s:55:"https://www.islamicity.org/5575/the-coming-of-the-west/";s:8:"the_date";s:11:"Nov 22 2013";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:17:"November 22, 2013";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:192:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://www.islamicity.org/global/images/photo/IC-Articles/Suez_Canal_IsmailiaIC__800x593.JPG&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:5:"Egypt";s:9:"the_topic";s:61:"Egypt";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:299:"The Western world had for centuries been gradually penetrating most of the areas that had once been part of the Muslim empire, and in the latter part of the nineteenth century, in the vacuum left by the long decay and decline of the Ottoman Empire, European powers came to dominate the Middle East. ";}

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a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:5571;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:13:"The Crusaders";s:9:"the_title";s:13:"The Crusaders";s:13:"the_permalink";s:46:"https://www.islamicity.org/5571/the-crusaders/";s:8:"the_date";s:11:"Nov 22 2013";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:17:"November 22, 2013";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:197:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://www.islamicity.org/global/images/photo/IC-Articles/Crusaders_near_JerusalemIC__800x498.JPG&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:8:"Crusades";s:9:"the_topic";s:67:"Crusades";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:226:"The First Crusade began in 1095 after the Byzantines - threatened by Seljuk power- appealed to Pope Urban II for military aid. Pope Urban, hoping to divert the Christian kings and princes from their struggles with each other. ";}

a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:5570;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:16:"The Seljuk Turks";s:9:"the_title";s:16:"The Seljuk Turks";s:13:"the_permalink";s:49:"https://www.islamicity.org/5570/the-seljuk-turks/";s:8:"the_date";s:11:"Nov 22 2013";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:17:"November 22, 2013";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:198:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://www.islamicity.org/global/images/photo/IC-Articles/Seljuks_Shipyard-mulazimogl__800x507.JPG&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:4:"Iraq";s:9:"the_topic";s:59:"Iraq";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:279:"Although individual Turkish generals had already gained considerable, and at times decisive, power in Mesopotamia and Egypt during the tenth and eleventh centuries, the coming of the Seljuks signaled the first large-scale penetration of the Turkish elements into the Middle East.";}

a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:5569;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:12:"The Fatimids";s:9:"the_title";s:12:"The Fatimids";s:13:"the_permalink";s:45:"https://www.islamicity.org/5569/the-fatimids/";s:8:"the_date";s:11:"Nov 22 2013";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:17:"November 22, 2013";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:186:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://www.islamicity.org/global/images/photo/IC-Articles/alazharmosqueIC__800x548.JPG&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:8:"Fatimids";s:9:"the_topic";s:67:"Fatimids";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:212:"The Fatimids won their first success in North Africa, where they established a rival caliphate at Raqqadah near Kairouan and, in 952, embarked on a period of expansion that within a few years took them to Egypt. ";}

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a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:5558;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:11:"The Message";s:9:"the_title";s:11:"The Message";s:13:"the_permalink";s:44:"https://www.islamicity.org/5558/the-message/";s:8:"the_date";s:11:"Nov 21 2013";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:17:"November 21, 2013";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:193:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://www.islamicity.org/global/images/photo/IC-Articles/MuhammadTheLastProphet__500x215.JPG&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:14:"Makkah (Mecca)";s:9:"the_topic";s:77:"Makkah (Mecca)";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:274:"In or about the year 570 the child who would be named Muhammad and who would become the Prophet of one of the world's great religions, Islam, was born into a family belonging to a clan of Quraysh, the ruling tribe of Mecca, a city in the Hijaz region of northwestern Arabia.";}

a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:5562;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:12:"The Abbasids";s:9:"the_title";s:12:"The Abbasids";s:13:"the_permalink";s:45:"https://www.islamicity.org/5562/the-abbasids/";s:8:"the_date";s:11:"Nov 21 2013";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:17:"November 21, 2013";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:186:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://www.islamicity.org/global/images/photo/IC-Articles/abbasids_archIC__800x498.JPG&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:7:"Abbasid";s:9:"the_topic";s:65:"Abbasid";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:383:"In the Middle East, during these centuries, the 'Abbasids, after their victory over the Umayyads, had transformed the Umayyads' Arab empire into a multinational Muslim empire. They moved the capital of the empire from Syria to Iraq, where they built a new capital, Baghdad, from which, during the next five centuries, they would influence many of the main events of Islamic history. ";}

a:14:{s:25:"processRelatedFacetsTitle";s:0:"";s:15:"whereItCameFrom";s:81:"_blp_taxonomy_archives.php & zone12 & tax-query & mostrecent on by=peter-c-speers";s:8:"is_video";b:0;s:6:"the_id";i:5560;s:13:"the_title_ORG";s:12:"The Umayyads";s:9:"the_title";s:12:"The Umayyads";s:13:"the_permalink";s:45:"https://www.islamicity.org/5560/the-umayyads/";s:8:"the_date";s:11:"Nov 21 2013";s:12:"the_date_ORG";s:17:"November 21, 2013";s:13:"the_thumbnail";s:185:"https://www.islamicity.org/wp-content/plugins/blueprint-timthumb/timthumb.php?src=http://www.islamicity.org/global/images/photo/IC-Articles/umayydmosqueIC__800x566.JPG&w=500&h=281&q=100";s:10:"the_author";s:15:"Peter C. Speers";s:14:"the_topic_text";s:17:"Umayyad Caliphate";s:9:"the_topic";s:85:"Umayyad Caliphate";s:11:"the_excerpt";s:266:"The shift in power to Damascus, the Umayyad capital city, was to have profound effects on the development of Islamic history. For one thing, it was a tacit recognition of the end of an era. The first four caliphs had been without exception Companions of the Prophet.";}