Questions about the Friday Prayer.

Friendship wrote: ......................1. What was the Arabic (original) name� of Friday?..........................

Al-Jumu`ah (Friday), and the Orders and Etiquette for Friday

Friday
is called Al-Jumu`ah because it is derived from Al-Jam`, literally,
gathering.

• The people of Islam gather weekly, on every Friday in the
  major places of worship.
      

• It was during Friday when Allah finished the
  creation, the sixth day, during which Allah created the heavens and
  earth.
      

• During Friday, Allah created Adam, and he was placed in
  Paradise, and ironically, it was a Friday when he was taken out of
  Paradise.
      

• It will be on a Friday when the Last Hour will commence.
      
      

• There is an hour during Friday, wherein no faithful servant asks Allah
  for something good, but Allah will give him what he asked for.
      

All of
this is based upon Hadiths in the authenic collections. In the ancient
language Friday was called, `Arubah. It is a fact that previous nations
were informed about Friday, but they were led astray from it.

• The Jews
  chose Saturday for their holy day, but Adam was not created on
  Saturday.
      

• The Christians chose Sunday, which is the day the creation
  was initiated.
      

• Allah chose Friday for this Ummah, because it is the day
  the creation was finished.
      

Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded that Abu
Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,

<p dir="rtl"><font ="AyahArabic" face="Traditional Arabic" size="3">�نَحْنُ
الْاخِرُونَ السَّابِقُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، بَيْدَ أَنَّهُمْ أُوتُوا
الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ هَذَا يَوْمَهُمُ الَّذِي فَرَضَ
اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَاخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ فَهَدَانَا اللهُ لَهُ، فَالنَّاسُ
لَنَا فِيهِ تَبَعٌ، الْيَهُودُ غَدًا وَالنَّصَارَى بَعْدَ غَدٍ�

"We
are the last (to come) but the first on the Day of Resurrection, though
the former nations were given the Scriptures before us.

And this was
their day (Friday) the celebration of which was made compulsory for
them, but they differed about it.

So, Allah gave us guidance to it, and
all other people are coming after us: the Jews tomorrow and the
Christians the day after tomorrow.''

This is the wording of Al-Bukhari
in another narration of Muslim;

<p dir="rtl"><font ="AyahArabic" face="Traditional Arabic" size="3">�أَضَلَّ
اللهُ عَنِ الْجُمُعَةِ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَنَا، فَكَانَ لِلْيَهُودِ يَوْمُ
السَّبْتِ، وَكَانَ لِلنَّصَارَى يَوْمُ الْأَحَدِ، فَجَاءَ اللهُ بِنَا
فَهَدَانَا اللهُ لِيَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَجَعَلَ الْجُمُعَةَ وَالسَّبْتَ
وَالْأَحَدَ، وَكَذَلِكَ هُمْ تَبَعٌ لَنَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ نَحْنُ
الْاخِرُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الدُّنْيَا، وَالْأَوَّلُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ
الْمَقْضِيُّ بَيْنَهُمْ قَبْلَ الْخَلَائِقِ�

Allah
diverted those who were before us from Friday.

For the Jews there was
Saturday, and for the Christians there was Sunday.

Allah then brought
us and guided us to Friday.

He made them; Friday, Saturday and Sunday,
and it is in this order they will come after us on the Day of
Resurrection.

We are the last of among the people of this world and the
first among the created to be judged on the Day of Resurrection.

Necessity of the Remembrance of Allah on Friday, by attending the Khutbah and the Prayer

Allah commanded the believers to gather to worship Him on Friday,

<p dir="rtl"><font ="AyahArabic" face="Traditional Arabic" size="3">[يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا نُودِىَ لِلصَّلَوةِ مِن يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْاْ إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ]

O
you who believe! When the call is proclaimed for the Salah on
Al-Jumu`ah (Friday), then hasten (Fas`aw) to the remembrance of Allah

meaning, go to it and head for it.

The meaning of Sa`y (hasten) here
does not refer to walking quickly.

It only refers to the importance of
it.

`Umar bin Al-Khattab and Ibn Mas`ud - may Allah be pleased with
them - recited it; (فَامْضُوا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللهِ) ("Then proceed to the
remembrance of Allah.'')

As for walking in haste to the prayer, that
was indeed prohibited, since it was recorded in the Two Sahihs from Abu
Hurayrah that the Prophet said,

<p dir="rtl"><font ="AyahArabic" face="Traditional Arabic" size="3">�إِذَا
سَمِعْتُمُ الْإِقَامَةَ فَامْشُوا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَعَلَيْكُمُ
السَّكِينَةَ وَالْوَقَارَ وَلَا تُسْرِعُوا، فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ
فَصَلُّوا وَمَا فَاتَكُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا�

When you
hear the Iqamah, proceed to offer the prayer with calmness and
solemnity and do not rush. And pray whatever you catch, and complete
whatever you have missed.

This is the wording with Al-Bukhari. Abu
Qatadah said, "While we were praying behind the Messenger of Allah he
heard commotion. At the end of the prayer, the Prophet said;

<p dir="rtl"><font ="AyahArabic" face="Traditional Arabic" size="3">�مَا شَأْنُكُمْ�

(What is the matter with you)

They said, `We hastened to the prayer.' The Prophet said,

<p dir="rtl"><font ="AyahArabic" face="Traditional Arabic" size="3">�فَلَا
تَفْعَلُوا، إِذَا أَتَيْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَامْشُوا وَعَلَيْكُمُ
السَّكِينَةَ فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا وَمَا فَاتَكُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا�

"Don't
do that. When you come for prayer, there should be tranquility upon
you. Pray what remains of the prayer and complete what you have
missed.''

The Two Sahihs collected this Hadith. Al-Hasan commented,

"By Allah! Hastening to the prayer is not accomplished by the feet.
Indeed they were prohibited from coming to prayer without tranquility
and dignity. Rather it is about the hearts, the intention, and the
submission.''

Qatadah said,

<p dir="rtl"><font ="AyahArabic" face="Traditional Arabic" size="3">[فَاسْعَوْاْ إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ]

"then
hasten to the remembrance of Allah) means that you have to hasten to
the prayer with your heart and actions, and walk to it.''

It is
recommended for those coming to the Friday prayer to perform Ghusl
(taking bath) before they come.

It is collected in the Two Sahihs that
`Abdullah bin `Umar said that Allah's Messenger said,

<p dir="rtl"><font ="AyahArabic" face="Traditional Arabic" size="3">�إِذَا جَاءَ أَحَدُكُمُ الْجُمُعَةَ فَلْيَغْتَسِلْ�

When
one of you comes to the Friday prayer, then let him perform bath.

The
Two Sahihs recorded that Abu Sa`id said that the Messenger of Allah
said,

<p dir="rtl"><font ="AyahArabic" face="Traditional Arabic" size="3">�غُسْلُ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ وَاجِبٌ عَلى كُلِّ مُحْتَلِمٍ�

Ghusl on the day of Jumu`ah is Wajib (required) from every Muhtalim.

Abu Hurayrah narrated that Allah's Messenger said,

<p dir="rtl"><font ="AyahArabic" face="Traditional Arabic" size="3">�حَقٌّ لله عَلى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ فِي كُلِّ سَبْعَةِ أَيَّامٍ، يَغْسِلُ رَأْسَهُ وَجَسَدَهُ�

It
is Allah's right on every Muslim to bathe during every seven days, by
washing his head and body.

Muslim collected this Hadith. Jabir
narrated that Allah's Messenger said,

<p dir="rtl"><font ="AyahArabic" face="Traditional Arabic" size="3">�عَلى كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ فِي كُلِّ سَبْعَةِ أَيَّامٍ غُسْلُ يَوْمٍ وَهُوَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ�

Within
every seven days, every Muslim man has the obligation to perform Ghusl
at least one day, the day of Jumu`ah.

Ahmad, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Hibban
collected this Hadith.